Physical fitness evaluation results among students in Yunnan Province in 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze physical fitness of students aged 6-22 years old from seven ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for physical fitness intervention measures.@*Methods@#The nationality, gender, grade, body shape, vital capacity, exercise quality of students were derived from the 2019 Yunnan Student Physical Health Survey Database. Comprehensive physical fitness score was calculated according to the National Student Physical Fitness Standards(revised in 2014). t test, ANOVA, and χ 2 test were used to analyze physical fitness score and level among students with different ethnic groups, gender, and school stages.@*Results@#The average comprehensive score of physical fitness among students from 7 ethnic groups in Yunnan Province was (70.02±9.69）, with the pass rate being 88.91%. The proportion of excellent was 0.93%, good was 17.90%, pass 70.09 %, and failed was 11.09%. Physical fitness score was highest in BMI (94.99 points), followed by 50 meter running (74.13 points), sitting forward bend (72.63 points), endurance running (70.43 points), standing long jump (67.77 points), sit ups ( 65.71 points) , 1 minute skipping rope (65.25 points), vital capacity (62.97 points), pull up (29.04 points). Physical fitness score and pass rate and evaluation level varied significantly by ethnicity and school stage( F =293.53，452.85， χ 2/ χ 2 trend =466.65， 412.57 ； 1 553.22 ，1 045.36， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The excellent rate of physical fitness among students in Yunnan Province is relatively low. Physical fitness promotion requires specific guidance and training based on ethnicity and school stage.

Architectural analysis of subconjunctival oblique limbus incision techniques in manual cataract extraction surgery by optical coherence tomography imaging

The purpose was to assess the profile of subconjunctival oblique limbus incision (SCOLI) design by using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and try to emphasize the proper technique of wound construction. The structural dimensions and integrity of the wound were acquired from the patients, who had undergone manual small-incision cataract surgery with SCOLI techniques, using a Canon OCT anterior-segment imaging system on the first postoperative day. The use of AS-OCT allowed for an in vivo evaluation of SCOLI in high definition. The radial OCT scan image showed three staggered incisions, including conjunctiva incision, scleral entrance, and inner corneal lip. A tangential scan demonstrated that the internal lip is parallel to the curvature of the peripheral cornea. The en face image showed an asymmetric 4 arc-shaped configuration rather than a symmetrical one. In conclusion, AS-OCT could be used to analyze SCOLI to determine optimal wound construction and geometry. The results of this study indicated that an asymmetric 4 arc-shaped limbus tunnel incision was superior to the conventional linear equivalent in stability and nucleus delivery.

Predictive effect of psychological stress in early puberty on subsequent anxiety and depression / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Longitudinal data were used in this study to examine the predictive effects of psychological stress in early puberty on subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms.@*Methods@#Objects from a puberty cohort of 998 children from 4 primary schools in Chongqing were included. Psychological stress was measured during their early puberty, and anxiety and depression were followed up after 4 years. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of psychological stress on anxiety and depression level in their middle puberty.@*Results@#The average score of psychological stress during early puberty was (34.79±24.78), and scores of anxiety and depression were (11.20±10.89) and (12.06±6.69), respectively, with detection rates of 14.03% and 15.63%. Girls had higher anxiety and depression scores than boys(F=51.58,5.48，P<0.05). The depression scores of children with different parents’ educational levelsand perceived parental relationship were different(F=6.74, 7.38, 10.49, P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that girls(β=4.38), higher psychological stress(β=0.13), older age (β=0.89) were risk factors for higher anxiety level. Children with higher psychological stress(β=0.05), older age(β=0.57), perceived worse parents’ relationship(β=1.19), lower maternal education (β=-1.00) had higher depression scores(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The psychological stress level, and age during early puberty had a positive predictive effect on anxiety and depression after 4 years. Simultaneously, girls were more prone to anxiety, and poor parental relationship and low maternal literacy were risk factors for children’s depression.

Relationship between puberty growth and sexual development of boys / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of puberty growth of boys and to explore the relationship between puberty growth and sexual development of boys.@*Methods@#Pubertal development of boys from grade 1 to grade 4 in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing was followed up once every six months. The data of height, weight, BMI, the age of first ejaculation and testicular development of boys from baseline to follow-up every 6 months for 5 years were analyzed. Based on peak height velocity (PHV), the average level of PHV and age at peak height velocity(PHA) were analyzed. ANOVA was used to compare the height growth rate of boys in different age groups before and after the first ejaculation. Kendall rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between different stages of testicular development and BMI.@*Results@#The mean age of PHA was (11.72±1.03) years in adolescent height speed cohort, and the mean age of first ejaculation was (12.45±0.98) years before and after the first ejaculation cohort. There was significant difference in the increment of height before and after one year of the age of first ejaculation (P<0.05), the younger the age of the first ejaculation, the greater increase of height in the following year. The height, weight, BMI of boys aged 11 to 14 years were positively correlated with testicular volume(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The height growth of boys reached its peak one year before the first ejaculation, and began to decrease after first ejaculation, and the age of the first ejaculation of boys was negatively correlated with the increment of height in the following year, while the testicular development of boys was positively correlated with height, weight and BMI.

Prospective cohort study on the association between family factors and the puberty timing in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between different family factors and children’s puberty timing, and to provide a reference for further research on puberty development of children.@*Methods@#A prospective cohort study was conducted on a total of 1 237 children in one district, Chongqing, using targeted sampling. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between family factors and the puberty timing of children.@*Results@#The results of univariate analysis showed that baseline age and BMI were risk factors of early puberty timing in boys and girls (P<0.01). Breast development (HR=1.27, 95%CI=1.04-1.54) was observed earlier in vaginal delivery than in cesarean section. Self-conscious family economic condition is good is the protective factor for the early timing of girl’s menstruation (HR=0.81, 95%CI=0.66-0.99), pubic hair development(HR=0.80, 95%CI=0.65-0.97) and the boy’s puberty development (Testicular development HR=0.69, 95%CI=0.58-0.83, first ejaculation HR=0.62, 95%CI=0.49-0.78, external genitalia development HR=0.70, 95%CI=0.56-0.87, pubic hair development HR=0.66, 95%CI=0.54-0.80). The left-behind boys later observed testicular development (HR=0.74, 95%CI=0.57-0.96), first ejaculation (HR=0.71, 95%CI=0.50-0.99) and pubic hair development (HR=0.68, 95%CI=0.51-0.91). Testicular development (HR=1.26, 95%CI=1.01-1.58) was observed earlier in boys who felt their parents were close (P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the timing of pubic hair development was later in floating girls (HR=0.79, 95%CI=0.65-0.96), and family factors had nothing to do with the puberty timing in boys.@*Conclusion@#In the study, left behind children, self-perceived of parents relationship and family economic conditions are the influencing factors of children’s puberty timing. However, after adjusted for age and BMI, this association was mainly found in pubic hair of girls. The association between family factors and other pubertal development events still needs to be confirmed by further follow-up investigation.

Apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A total of 40 rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group (A, n=10) and an experimental group (EXP, n=30). Explosion-induced chest-ALI models were prepared and sampled at different time points (4, 12, and 24h after modeling, T1-T3) to test the lung dry weight/wet weight ratio (W/D) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), apoptosis of lung tissue by the TUNEL assay, and Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, lung tissue was sampled to observe pathological morphology by microscopy. Results: Under a light microscope, Group EXP exhibited obvious edema in the pulmonary interstitial substance and alveoli, a large number of red blood cells, inflammatory cells, and serous exudation in the alveolar cavity, as well as thickening of the pulmonary interstitial fluid. Compared to Group A, the W/D ratio was significantly increased in Group EXP (P<0.01), while PaO2 was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The apoptosis index was significantly increased (P<0.01), and caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury in rabbits by participating in lung injury and promoting the progression of ALI.

The diagnosis and treatment of tibial intercondylar chondroblastoma

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of tibial intercondylar chondroblastoma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of 12 patients with tibial intercondylar chondroblastoma admitted to the orthopedics department from May 2011 to February 2016; among them were 4 males and 3 females aged 10-19 years, with an average age of 15.7 years. Tibial intercondylar chondroblastoma was on the left and right side in 7 and 5 cases, respectively. The preoperative average Lysholm score of the knee joint was 68 (42-87). A posteromedial approach was applied in all cases. The incisions were approximately 5-8 cm in length. Complete curettage and inactivation were performed after fenestration, and allogeneic bone grafts were transplanted. Then, the posterior cruciate ligament insertion was fixed with 5.0 suture anchors. All patients were followed up with regularly to monitor for tumor recurrence, observe bone graft healing, and reassess the Lysholm score of the knee. RESULTS: Patients were followed for 7-55 months, and the median follow-up time was 19 months. One patient experienced tumor relapse 4 months after the operation. Incision, inactivation and cementation were performed. Then, the bone was fixed with anchors. In the other 11 patients, the bone graft healed over an average period of 6.2 months (4-10 months), with good functional recovery postoperatively. The average postoperative Lysholm score of the knee was 91 (81-95). CONCLUSION: Tibial intercondylar chondroblastoma has unique clinical and imaging characteristics and can effectively be treated by curettage followed by the inactivation, transplantation and fixation of allogeneic bone grafts with suture anchors through a posteromedial approach.

The impact of HSF on endometrium

Summary Objective: We conducted the research in order to explore the impact of hydrosalpinx fluid (HSF) on endometrium. Method: HSF group: 261 patients with HSF scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery 3 to 7 days after menstruation in our center. Hysteroscopy would also be performed in order to observe the endometrial morphology during the surgery. Sixty (60) patients would be randomly selected for endometrial biopsy in order to detect the inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-2 mRNA. Non-HSF group: 210 patients with no evidence of HSF due to chronic salpingitis or pelvic adhesion. IVF-ET treatment was performed after eliminating the factor of male infertility and hysteroscopy was conducted before the treatment. Fifty (50) patients underwent endometrial biopsy in order to detect TNF-a and IL-2 mRNA. Results: Hysteroscopy was performed in 261 patients with HSF and 210 patients without HSF. The incidence rate of endometritis manifestation among these two groups of patients was 37.2% (97/261) and 20.5% (43/210), respectively. The incidence rate of endometritis in the patients with HSF is significantly higher than in the patients without HSF (p<0.05). Sixty (60) patients from the HSF group and 50 patients from the non-HSF group were regrouped according to inflammatory and normal manifestation after the endometrial biopsy. There were 49 patients in the inflammatory manifestation group and 61 patients in the normal manifestation group. RT-PCR technology was adopted to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-2 mRNA in endometrial tissue. The level of TNF-a mRNA expression in endometrial tissues with inflammatory manifestation was higher than in normal endometrium (76.75±11.95 vs. 23.45±9.75, p<0.01). There are significant differences between them. The level of IL-2 mRNA expression in endometrial tissues with inflammatory manifestation was higher than that found in normal endometrium (80.56±13.35 vs. 35.12±8.35, p<0.01). There are significant differences between them. Conclusion: Chronic endometritis is related to HSF and may therefore affect endometrial receptivity.

Sex and seasonal variations of plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoid concentrations in Japanese dietitians.

AIM: To clarify sex and seasonal variations of plasma antioxidant concentrations among middle-aged Japanese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated sex and seasonal variations of plasma antioxidant concentrations, including retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and lycopene), in 55 middle-aged dietitians (46 women and 9 men) in Aichi Prefecture, Central Japan, who took no supplements from autumn 1996 to summer 1997. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to measure plasma antioxidant concentrations in overnight-fasting blood samples. RESULTS: Plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-/beta-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin and lutein were significantly influenced by sex, being significantly higher for women than men in each corresponding season; retinol and lycopene, however, showed no such difference. For women, winter values of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-/beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene were significantly lower than corresponding summer values, and had reached their annual lowest. Retinol failed to show any significant seasonal variation, whereas the winter value of beta-cryptoxanthin had reached its annual highest. For men, beta-cryptoxanthin exhibited significant seasonal changes and was also highest in winter. Winter values of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-/beta-carotene and lycopene were lower compared with other seasons, but not statistically significant, probably due to the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that sex and seasonal variations of plasma antioxidant concentrations should be taken into account in nutritional epidemiologic studies.

Gonadotropins and sex hormones in healthy Chinese infants.

This study was conducted to investigate the infantile changing regularity of gonadotropins and sex hormones. Serum samples were obtained from 416 healthy infants (male: 215; females: 201). In male infants, peaks in serum gonadotropins and testosterone concentrations were observed at 2-4 months. In female infants, serum FSH concentrations reached peak at 2-3 months. Before 6 months, serum testosterone and LH concentrations were higher in male, while FSH was on the contrary. Peaks in serum gonadotropins and sex hormones concentrations are reached and sexual dimorphism appears in the early infancy. Defining the range of mean values and the trends for infantile gonadotropins and sex hormones could be helpful for clinical evaluation.

Comparison of lifestyle risk factors by family history for gastric, breast, lung and colorectal cancer.

To assess the theoretical impact of lifestyle of a cancer family history in first-degree relatives (CFH) and clarify interactions between CFH and lifestyle factors, hospital-based comparison and case-reference studies were conducted in Nagoya, Japan. Totals of 1988 gastric, 2455 breast, 1398 lung and 1352 colorectal cancer patients, as well as 50,706 non-cancer outpatients collected from 1988 to 1998, were checked for lifestyle factors, which included dietary and physical exercise habits, as well as smoking/drinking status. General lifestyle factors with non-cancer outpatients did not differ by the CFH status. Case-reference analyses showed that frequent intake of fruits, raw vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, cabbage and lettuce, as well as frequent physical exercise, were associated with decreased risk for all four sites of cancer, while habitual smoking increasing the risk of gastric, and more particularly, lung cancer. Interestingly, the study revealed the magnitude of odds ratios for the above lifestyle factors obtained from CFH positives to be similar to those from CFH negatives for these four sites of cancer. There were no significant interactions between CFH and any particular lifestyle factor. In conclusion, our results suggest no appreciable influence of CFH on lifestyle related risk factors for gastric, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. Habitual smoking increased, while frequent physical exercise and raw vegetables intake decreased cancer risk, regardless of the CFH status.